article · Discover Chemistry.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles can be biosynthesised using an aqueous extract from Monoon longifolium leaves. Synthesis conditions were established by optimising plant extract volume, heating duration, zinc nitrate concentration, reaction time, and temperature. Structural and physical characterisation confirmed the formation and properties of the nanoparticles through various spectroscopic, thermal, and microscopic techniques. In laboratory testing, the resulting nanoparticles demonstrated notable antimicrobial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 6.25 micrograms per millilitre and 12.5 micrograms per millilitre, respectively. The material also showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans, yielding a minimum fungicidal concentration of 25 micrograms per millilitre. Furthermore, the nanoparticles exhibited free-radical scavenging antioxidant activity reaching up to 78 percent, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 12.5 micrograms per millilitre, highlighting their utility in biological applications.
Bacterial resistance and fungal infections present growing healthcare challenges globally. Using plant extracts to produce zinc oxide nanoparticles offers a green synthesis alternative to conventional chemical routes. Demonstrating that these plant-derived nanomaterials suppress bacterial and fungal pathogens while delivering antioxidant effects supports the development of sustainable, biologically active agents for health and sanitation needs.
This research represents early-stage laboratory validation of plant-derived zinc oxide nanoparticles with antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. Potential applications lie in developing topical therapeutics, antimicrobial coatings, or consumer healthcare formulations. Target end-users would include pharmaceutical researchers and hygiene product manufacturers. Because the work remains at the in vitro experimental stage, substantial formulation development, safety evaluation, and scale-up studies are required before commercial deployment.
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Abstract The present study deals with the biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using the Monoon longifolium ( M . longifolium ) leaf extract. The prepared ZnO NPs were characterized by XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis, TGA/DTA, and SEM. The synthesis parameters, such as plant extract volume (10–50 mL), heating duration (15 min), zinc nitrate concentration (1 mM), reaction time (1 h), and temperature (60 °C), were optimized. The synthesized ZnO NPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (22 ± 0.57 mm) and Escherichia coli (19 ± 1 mm), as well as antifungal activity against Candida albicans (21 ± 0.16 mm), as determined by the agar-well-diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZnO-NPs against S. aureus (6.25µg/mL) and E. coli (12.5 µg/mL), respectively, while the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was 25 µg/mL against Candida albicans . Additionally, the antioxidant activity of the ZnO NPs ranged from 0 to 78% (IC50 = 12.5 μg/mL). These results demonstrate the potential of the synthesized ZnO NPs as effective antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant agents.
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DOI: 10.1007/s44371-024-00007-9
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