article · Future Science OA
Green biological synthesis produces metal nanoparticles using plants or microorganisms rather than traditional chemical or physical processes. This biological approach is sustainable, ecologically friendly, and economically viable. Metal nanoparticles possess distinct optical, electrical, and chemical properties that exceed those of conventional, regular-sized materials, making them foundational to diverse scientific fields. Recent developments focus on synthesising these particles using various living organisms, exploring the crucial parameters and mechanisms required for successful production. Understanding these processes enables the development of varied biological applications. Documenting the synthesis pathways, performance characteristics, and biological uses provides a clearer framework for future research, addressing remaining challenges and opening new avenues for experimental exploration across nanotechnology disciplines.
Traditional nanoparticle production often involves harsh chemicals or energy-intensive methods. Using biological organisms such as plants and microbes provides a cleaner, cost-effective alternative. As nanotechnology expands across healthcare and environmental sectors, sustainable synthesis techniques help ensure advanced materials can be produced responsibly without compromising functional performance.
The synthesis methods present potential opportunities for biotechnology and materials developers seeking sustainable, cost-effective manufacturing routes for metal nanoparticles. However, the abstract describes a broad review of biological applications and synthesis mechanisms rather than a specific product or validated prototype. The underlying technologies appear to be at an early research stage, with further experimental work needed before viable commercial products emerge.
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In green biological synthesis, metal nanoparticles are produced by plants or microorganisms. Since it is ecologically friendly, economically viable and sustainable, this method is preferable to other traditional ones. For their continuous groundbreaking advancements and myriad physiochemical and biological benefits, nanotechnologies have influenced various aspects of scientific fields. Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) are the field anchor for their outstanding optical, electrical and chemical capabilities that outperform their regular-sized counterparts. This review discusses the most current biosynthesized metal nanoparticles synthesized by various organisms and their biological applications along with the key elements involved in MNP green synthesis. The review is displayed in a manner that will impart assertiveness, help the researchers to open questions, and highlight many points for conducting future research.
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DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0196
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