Geostatistical Modeling Method to Assess the Spatial Variability of Trace Metals in the Abandoned Lead Mining District of Zaida (High Moulouya, Morocco)

Abstract

Characterization of mine tailings based on spatial variability is a critical issue for mine tailings management programs. It contains important information for lowering the environmental and economic costs of a phytoremediation program. The current work on trace metals describes the characterization of waste material from Zaida’s abandoned mine (Morocco). A total of 65 samples were taken systematically from the tailings pile at depths ranging from 0 to 30 cm. The physicochemical parameters and levels of 4 trace metals were determined (lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd) and Copper (Cu)). The ordinary kriging method was applied to investigate the spatial distribution of trace metals in the surface layer of mine tailings. The results revealed that the stored materials have a sandy texture, pH values ranging from 7.56 to 8.24, and organic matter contents ranging from 0.06 to 0.17 %. Pb, Zn and Cu all had similar spatial distributions. Metal hotspots were mostly concentrated in the tailing pond’s north-east corner. The Northern and Eastern parts have the highest concentrations of heavy metals. This article relates, the influence detailed of each heavy metal’s composition localized at Zaida mine and the favourable phytoremediation impact. Major Findings: The tailing ponds at the abandoned Zaida mine exhibit significant contamination with heavy metals. The northern and eastern areas have the highest metal concentrations, according to geostatistical research. The dispersion and distribution of metals across the site were greatly impacted by wind patterns.