article · Physical Review A
Theoretical and numerical investigations explore modulational instability within Bose-Bose atomic mixtures subject to helicoidal spin-orbit coupling. Using linear stability analysis on continuous waves, an analytical expression for the growth rate of this instability was identified, outlining unstable regions shaped by spin-orbit coupling, helicoidal gauge potentials, and interatomic interactions. Numerical simulations align with these analytical results, showing that a balance between nonlinear and dispersive forces generates trains of soliton-like structures. The research examines how left-handed and right-handed helicoidal couplings influence the emergence of composite matter waves known as soliton molecules. Additionally, simulations show the generation of bright soliton trains from adjacent solitons with fixed phase differences, demonstrating that changing the handedness of the coupling substantially alters the behaviour of the resulting waves.
Controlling how matter waves form and stabilise in ultra-cold quantum gases is fundamental to quantum physics. By clarifying how helicoidal spin-orbit coupling influences wave patterns and soliton formation, this work enhances basic understanding of nonlinear dynamics and provides insights into the manipulation of multi-component Bose-Einstein condensates.
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The paper studies the modulational instability (MI), both theoretically and numerically, of the helicoidal spin-orbit coupled Bose-Bose mixture. An expression of the MI growth rate is found through the linear stability analysis of continuous wave, followed by a comprehensive parametric study of the MI regions, emphasizing the effects of the spin-orbit coupling, the helicoidal gauge potential, and interatomic interactions. Direct numerical simulations concur with the analytical predictions. Under suitable balance between nonlinear and dispersive effects, trains of solitonlike objects are obtained, and their behaviors are very sensitive to parameter variations. Attention is particularly paid to the impact of the left- and right-handed helicoidal spin-orbit couplings on the appearance of matter waves that have the form soliton molecules in the Bose-Bose mixture. Additionally, for qualitative support of the obtained structures, the formation of a bright solitons train is also reported numerically using two neighboring solitons subjected to a fixed phase difference. Their behavior under the action of the helicoidal spin-orbit coupling is also debated, especially when left- and right-handed helicoidal couplings are interchanged.
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DOI: 10.1103/physreva.104.033325
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