Generalized wide-area fault detection and location algorithm for transmission system based on optimal PMUs allocation

Abstract

The transmission system is one of the three major parts besides the generation and distribution systems. Transmission system protection requires a vital especially development it involves in modern wide-area systems. This paper suggests a generalized robust fault detection and location algorithm established on the optimally allocated phasor measurement units (PMUs). The optimum allocation of PMUs ensures the entire observability of all transmission lines, that are included within the zones of protection. The generalized fault detection and location algorithm is based on the roots deduced from the basic transmission line model under normal operation. The algorithm enables to detection of faults closed to buses equipped with PMUs and high impedance single line to ground faults. The algorithm is characterized by generality and independent variable system dynamics. The proposed algorithm can detect simultaneous faults of any type with a high degree of accuracy. To validate the developed algorithm, it is utilized in the IEEE 14-bus system. The simulation study is conducted using Matlab/Simulink® software package. Different fault types are modeled under various fault resistances. The modeled fault cases prove the security of the developed algorithm against external faults with a high degree of dependability in the case of internal faults.