GENERALIZED UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE EFFECTS ON NEUTRON STAR EQUATION OF STATE AND THERMAL PROPERTIES

Abstract

We investigate how the Generalised Uncertainty Principle (GUP) affects neutron star structure and cooling. By modifying the equations of state to include GUP effects at extremely high densities through momentum-dependent corrections to the relativistic Fermi gas model, we compute mass-radius relations and thermal evolution curves. Using advanced numerical techniques, we solve the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff and thermal transport equations together. Our results show that GUP introduces observable changes, especially in cooling behaviour and radius estimates. We compare our findings with NICER data from PSR J0030+0451 and PSR J0740+6620, as well as gravitational wave events like GW170817 and GW190425. This comparison enables us to place a tight upper bound on the GUP parameter, , making it the strongest astrophysical constraint to date. Our work highlights neutron stars as powerful tools for testing quantum gravity, setting the stage for future investigations using multi-messenger astronomy.