Gastroprotective Effect of <i>Artemisia herba‐alba</i> Leaf Extract in Acetic Acid–Induced Gastric Ulceration in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Gastric ulcers are common gastrointestinal lesions resulting from oxidative stress and inflammation. Artemisia herba-alba, a medicinal plant with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, was evaluated for its curative effects against acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in Wistar rats. The aqueous leaf extract was characterized by LC-MS and qualitative screening, and the major compound, quinic acid, was analyzed through in silico ADMET and molecular docking studies. In vitro assays assessed antioxidant activity, while in vivo experiments involved ulcer induction with 3% acetic acid and restraint stress for 8 days. After ulcer induction, rats received either no treatment or the extract (100 or 200 mg/kg) for 3 days. Gastric tissues were analyzed macroscopically, microscopically, and biochemically for oxidative stress markers. The extract showed moderate radical scavenging capacity, and docking results indicated strong binding of quinic acid to key antioxidant enzymes. ADMET predictions revealed favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. Treatment significantly reduced the ulcer area, improved gastric pH, and restored antioxidant enzyme activities in a dose-dependent manner. Histological evaluation confirmed marked mucosal healing, particularly at 200 mg/kg. These findings indicate that Artemisia herba-alba extract accelerates gastric healing through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, supporting its traditional use and therapeutic potential in ulcer management.