review · Frontiers in Pharmacology
This review explores the critical role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various health issues, including metabolic problems, cancers, and neurological conditions. The body naturally produces biological antioxidants, such as SOD, CAT, and GPx, to neutralise ROS and prevent cellular damage. However, an imbalance where ROS production outweighs antioxidant defences leads to oxidative stress, which can cause genetic and epigenetic changes at a molecular level. The study delves into the mechanisms, pathology, and epigenetic alterations associated with ROS in oxidative stress-induced disorders. It also examines animal models used for researching ROS pathways, aiming to provide insights that will assist in drug development and enhance disease understanding.
Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance of reactive oxygen species, is a fundamental process underlying many serious diseases. Understanding how these molecules cause damage and how the body tries to protect itself is crucial. This knowledge can lead to new ways to prevent and treat a wide range of health conditions.
This foundational review provides insights into the mechanisms and pathology of oxidative stress, which is essential for early-stage drug development. It could inform the identification of new therapeutic targets or the design of novel compounds to counteract ROS-induced damage. Pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology firms could utilise these findings to develop new treatments for metabolic disorders, cancers, and neurological conditions.
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Increased production and buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to various health issues, including metabolic problems, cancers, and neurological conditions. Our bodies counteract ROS with biological antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, and GPx, which help prevent cellular damage. However, if there is an imbalance between ROS and these antioxidants, it can result in oxidative stress. This can cause genetic and epigenetic changes at the molecular level. This review delves into how ROS plays a role in disorders caused by oxidative stress. We also look at animal models used for researching ROS pathways. This study offers insights into the mechanism, pathology, epigenetic changes, and animal models to assist in drug development and disease understanding.
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DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1269581
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