Frequency of adverse outcomes and perinatal risk factors in the City of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Abstract

This study presents an analytical epidemiological study conducted in Kinshasa to assess the frequency and risk factors of adverse perinatal outcomes, in particular prematurity, low birth weight and perinatal mortality. A prospective cohort study was carried out on a sample of 692 pregnant women followed in 30 health facilities in urban, urban-rural and rural areas of the city of Kinshasa over a six-month period. Data were collected using questionnaires and medical records, then analyzed using Excel and R software.The results show that 40.8% of newborns were premature, 7.8% had low birth weight and 2.2% suffered perinatal mortality.Urban-rural areas had a significantly increased risk of these adverse outcomes.Factors associated with prematurity include not working during pregnancy, not using contraception and place of residence. Low birth weight is associated with a low level of maternal education and residence in a rural area. In terms of perinatal mortality, urban-rural areas are particularly affected. The study highlights the impact of socio-economic, educational and geographical factors on perinatal health. It highlights the importance of equitable access to antenatal care and of strengthening reproductive health policies in Kinshasa. These results should guide preventive action to improve the living conditions of mothers and newborns in urban and rural contexts in the DRC.