Freezing, Heating and Some Factors Affecting Immune Response Induced by Inactivated Vaccines in Broiler Chickens

Abstract

Poultry vaccines should have a specific storage temperature range to ensure theireffectiveness. It is still unclear in Egypt, nevertheless, if these temperature ranges arerigidly specified as handling conditions or as recommendations. Large endemic andepidemic outbreaks of poultry illnesses frequently threaten Egypt's sizable conventionaland exotic chicken industries. Although it is assumed in vaccine logistics that most of thesesafety measures are followed, handling vaccines within the specified temperature range isfrequently not feasible. It is challenging to keep vaccines within a designated storagetemperature range when they are being transported, according to earlier research. This isan issue not just in nations with weak cold chains but also in nations and areas with strongcold chains. Specifically, the chance of unintentionally being exposed to below-freezingconditions has been disregarded globally. This is a serious concern for vaccinationconsumers as well as the veterinarians who oversee vaccine usage. Because they cannotensure the quality of vaccines whose storage temperature may have been beyond theprescribed range, veterinarians should advise consumers not to vaccinate birds with thesevaccines. Additionally, the user is directly harmed in the uncommon case that a handlingerror impairs the quality of the vaccination.