Floristic Structure, Composition, Diversity and Anthropogenic Pressure

Abstract

This chapter presents findings on floristic composition, structure and conservation status across a biodiversity hotspot, namely Pugu-Kazimzumbwi Nature Forest Reserve (PKNFR) and Ruvu South Forest Reserve (RSFR), dissected by SGR. The data were gathered systematically in plots established alongside SGR. Species of conservation importance were screened using flora manuals, CITES and IUCN database. Findings revealed seven expanding populations, richness (47–97), density (1782–3535) stems ha-1, diversity (3.4–4.1) for trees and shrubs, respectively. In PKNFR, nine threatened species and seven endemics were identified, while in RSFR, threatened and endemics numbered six. In both reserves, CITES-listed species were three, invasives seven and anthropogenically disturbed species, including trees of conservation concern, 29. Therefore, the impacted forest segment hosts a significant number of conservation-sensitive plants and the combined effect of various disturbances on them cannot be underestimated. However, most identified conservation-sensitive species are widely distributed and unlikely to hinder project implementation.