First report on ACE I/D polymorphism and lymphoma susceptibility in Algeria: Clinical and genetic insights

Abstract

Lymphomas represent a heterogeneous group of malignancies influenced by genetic, clinical, and lifestyle factors, but data from North African populations remain scarce. We conducted a case-control study including 86 patients with Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas and 110 matched healthy controls from Algeria to evaluate the demographic, clinical, and genetic determinants of disease risk. Smoking (OR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.48-2.87) and hypertension (OR=3.99, 95% CI: 2.37-6.71) were independently associated with increased lymphoma risk, whereas cardiovascular disease (OR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.14-0.65) and allergies (OR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.15-0.40) showed inverse associations. Genetic analysis revealed that the ACE ID genotype was inversely associated with lymphoma (OR=0.18, 95% CI: 0.08-0.38), particularly for non-Hodgkin subtypes. These findings suggest that both modifiable lifestyle factors and genetic variation within the renin-angiotensin system may affect lymphoma risk in the Algerian population. The results represent preliminary, population-specific evidence that should be validated in larger multicenter studies.