article · International Journal of Phytoremediation
= 0.999), while adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic parameters confirmed a spontaneous, exothermic process. Regeneration with NaOH enabled 99.12% dye desorption, with high reusability over several cycles. Notably, a preliminary cost estimation showed that large-scale synthesis could be achieved at ∼0.036 US$/g, underscoring its economic competitiveness compared with conventional adsorbents. This is the first report on the valorization of citrus pomace for producing high-performance magnetic nanoadsorbents for azo (-N = N-) dye removal, highlighting both scientific novelty and environmental relevance.
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DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2025.2569969
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