Fall armyworm management in a changing climate: an overview of climate-responsive integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for long-term control

Abstract

Abstract Invasive alien insects have the potential to pose a significant threat to global agriculture, with their distinctive traits enabling rapid reproduction, successful adaptation to new environments and high distribution capability. These pests can devastate crops, livestock, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, resulting in ecological damage and substantial economic losses. Climate change plays a crucial role in driving the invasion of these pests, creating favorable conditions for their development, and negatively impacting global biodiversity. Among invasive alien insects, fall armyworm (FAW) ( Spodoptera frugiperda ) (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has emerged as a major pest species, causing significant yield losses in maize cropping outside his native range. Initially, reliance on pesticides for control proved ineffective and led to pesticide resistance. Significant progress has been made in implementing integrated pest management (IPM) strategies that integrate agro-ecological and biological approaches. This review article focuses on the compilation of IPM methods, combining agro-ecological practices and biological control agents such as parasitoids and viruses, for the effective management of FAW. Approaches such as intercropping, agronomic practices, and the use of parasitoids and viruses have shown promising results in controlling FAW. This review article provides insights into successful management methods, recommendations and suggestions for the sustainable control of FAW using agro-ecological practices, biological control agents or their combination.