Factors influencing nutritional management of hypertensive patients: A cross-sectional study at Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon

Abstract

Background Nutritional management is vital for patients with hypertension, a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Adherence to prescribed diets is central to its management. Objective This study aims to identify factors hindering effective nutritional management of hypertension at Yaoundé Central Hospital. Methods This quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted from April 20 to May 31, 2023, involving 81 hypertensive patients aged 30 and over at the National Obesity Center and Cardiology Department. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with IBM SPSS software, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results Out of the 81 participants, 37% demonstrated dietary adherence. Multivariate analyses identified female gender [AOR = 3.72 (95% CI: 1.75–8.20); P = 0.023], university education [AOR = 5.80 (95% CI: 2.10–16.00); P < 0.001], a monthly income exceeding 100,000 CFA francs (~US$170) [AOR = 9.80 (95% CI: 3.10–30.50); P < 0.001], regular blood pressure monitoring [AOR = 5.60 (95% CI: 2.40–13.00); P < 0.001], and engaging in physical activity [AOR = 1.90 (95% CI: 1.17–3.70); P = 0.041] as independent factors associated with dietary adherence. Conclusion The study underscores the challenges hypertensive patients face in dietary adherence, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to improve patient follow-up and enhance education, awareness, and access to healthy food. These insights will inform nutritional management strategies in Cameroon, aiming to reduce the prevalence of hypertension and improve patients' quality of life.