Factors influencing development of pulmonary tuberculosis among TB patients in Osun State - A Case Control Study

Abstract

Background information: Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. Pulmonary TB is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which manifests in the lungs. Methodology: A case-control study that uses multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 216 respondents (108 TB Patients and 108 non-TB Patients). Respondent were interviewed using pre-test semi structured self-administered questionnaires, univariate and bivariate analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) with P value set as P < 0.05. Result: The mean age of cases is 43.9 years, while it is 42 years for controls. However, age does not show a statistically significant association with TB status. There are more males in both the cases (78.6%) and controls (78.6%). There are no significant differences in TB status between single, married, divorced, separated, and widowed individuals. Odd of having tuberculosis is influenced by cigarettes and alcohol bottles consumed per day (p = 0.009 for cigarettes and p = 0.122 for alcohol bottles), having HIV (P less than 0.05). Conclusion: This study concludes that the development of pulmonary tuberculosis is influenced by a range of factors, including lifestyle habits, comorbid conditions such as HIV/AIDs and being diabetics. Effective control requires collaboration among various stakeholders and lifestyle modification. Public health campaigns could also be used to raise awareness about the link between smoking and TB.