Fabrication and Characterization of Sugarcane Bagasse/Coconut Shell Particle-Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Biocomposites for Compostable Packaging

Abstract

Reinforcement of polymers with natural fillers has gained significant attention due to growing environmental concerns, the need for sustainability, and the limited viability of synthetic materials. This study addressed these challenges by developing and characterizing epoxy-based hybrid biocomposites reinforced with sugarcane bagasse and coconut shell particles. The biocomposites were fabricated using the stir casting method, and their microstructural, mechanical, and biodegradability properties were systematically evaluated. Experimental results revealed that the biocomposite containing 12 wt. % hybrid fillers exhibited optimal performance, with a 32.2 % increase in hardness (24.87 HV), a 12.3 % improvement in compressive strength (67.99 MPa), and a 4.1 % enhancement in impact energy (6.16 J) compared to the control sample. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed uniform filler dispersion and strong matrix–particle interfacial bonding. Biodegradability tests showed the highest weight loss of 18.5 % after seven months, indicating effective compostability. The synergistic reinforcement from sugarcane bagasse and coconut shell significantly enhanced both mechanical and environmental performance, demonstrating the composite’s potential for sustainable packaging applications.