article · Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Agricultural waste from mangosteen peel can be converted into an effective adsorbent for water purification. Cellulose extracted from mangosteen peel via acid hydrolysis was combined with mesoporous hectorite clay and alginate to produce composite superabsorbent beads. A formulation containing five percent nanocellulose demonstrated strong mechanical properties and enhanced methylene blue dye removal from water compared to formulations without hectorite. Under testing, the material achieved a dye removal efficiency of 98.64 percent within 90 minutes and a maximum adsorption capacity of 57.59 milligrams per gram. The dye uptake followed an endothermic and spontaneous process. Furthermore, the composite beads maintained effective dye removal across six consecutive cycles of use, demonstrating favourable stability and reusability for pollutant removal in water treatment.
Dye pollution from industrial discharge poses environmental hazards, requiring sustainable and cost-effective remediation solutions. By converting mangosteen peel waste into a reusable, clay-reinforced composite bead, this approach repurposes agricultural residues into a functional material for wastewater treatment, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to non-renewable water purification media.
This technology targets wastewater treatment applications, particularly for industries seeking sustainable methods to remove synthetic dyes from effluent. Likely end users include industrial plant operators and environmental remediation providers. The material is currently at an applied, laboratory-tested stage, having shown high removal efficiency and reusability across six cycles, though it still requires scale-up assessment and testing on complex, real-world wastewater streams.
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In this study, fabrication of mesoporous nanocellulose-hectorite-alginate bead (B-NcH) composites and their application for adsorption of MB from water was carried out. The synthesis of nanocellulose (NC) was conducted from mangosteen waste peel (Garcinia mangostana L.). Garcinia mangostana L. peel had 58.9 ± 0,41 % content of cellulose. NCs was successfully isolated using the acid hydrolysis method. NC from Garcinia mangostana L. peel had a diameter of 24.5 ± 0.2 nm and a length of 381.2 ± 10.4 nm. The superabsorbent was composed of nanocrystalline cellulose, mesoporous hectorite, and alginate. The functional group, phase, and morphology of composite was investigated. The composite with 5 % NC had excellent mechanical strength. The B-NcH5 showed a high adsorption capacity of methylene blue (MB), reaching 98.64 % at an adsorbent dose of 30 mg for 90 min. The presence of hectorite can increase the adsorption ability compared to NCs-alginate. The equilibrium adsorption data followed the Freundlich isotherm; however, the kinetics of adsorption showed the usefulness of adopting the PSO kinetic model. The highest adsorption capacity of B-NcH5 for MB was determined to be 57.59 mg/g. For thermodynamic studies, it was revealed that the adsorption of MB on BNcH-5 is a spontaneous and endothermic process. The removal efficiency was observed in six consecutive cycles, indicating at the favorable reusability of this adsorbent. These results validate the potential use of this B-NcH5 adsorbent for water treatment applications.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100850
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