Exploring the relationships of Metabolic Syndrome with sociodemographic factors, weight status, dietary and lifestyle behaviors in Moroccan adults

Abstract

Background and Aim: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and other health complications.Its prevalence is rising globally, particularly in low-and middle-income countries.This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of MetS and identify its associated risk factors among adults from the Fez-Meknes and Beni Mellal-Khenifra regions of Morocco. Methods:We used data from the 2017 Morocco STEPS survey on risk factors for noncommunicable diseases.Data collection was based on the WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS).A total of 1048 adults aged 18 years were included in our analysis.MetS was classified using the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Results:The prevalence of MetS was 39.5%.Men, residents of the Beni Mellal-Khenifra region, individuals under 31 years of age, and those with primary education or more had significantly lower odds of MetS than women, residents of the Fes-Meknes region, and individuals aged 31 years or older, respectively.Overweight/obese individuals and low consumers of fruit/vegetables were significantly more likely to have MetS compared to nonoverweight peers and consumers of recommended amounts of fruits/vegetables (AOR=17.8,95%CI: 10.7-29.5, and AOR=1.48,95%CI: 1.07-2.04,respectively).Moreover, current smokers and alcohol drinkers had a lower likelihood of MetS than never-smokers and nondrinkers, respectively. Conclusion:The high prevalence of MetS among Moroccan adults highlights its public health significance.Female sex, older age, lower education, overweight/obesity, and insufficient fruit/vegetable intake were key predictors.Region-specific strategies are urgently needed to prevent and manage MetS, focusing on vulnerable populations.