Exploring the Physicochemical and Antioxidant Characteristics of Honey from Eastern Morocco: Insights into Potential Health Benefits and Molecular Docking Analysis

Abstract

This study evaluates the physicochemical properties, phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and molecular docking interactions of honey from eastern Morocco. Analysis confirmed compliance with European Commission standards, with moisture content ranging from 15.39% to 19.74% and pH between 3.79 and 4.94. Carob honey exhibited the highest protein content (0.42%), polyphenol concentration (720.16 mg gallic acid/kg), flavonoid content (90.5 mg catechin/kg), and antioxidant activity (63.5% DPPH inhibition). Strong correlations were observed between phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant properties. Molecular docking identified ethyl phenylacetate and thymol as key compounds with significant interactions with cytochrome c peroxidase, suggesting potential therapeutic effects. DFT calculations supported these findings, indicating these compounds may enhance antioxidant activity. The study highlights the exceptional quality and antioxidant capacity of honey from eastern Morocco, reflecting its unique floral sources and potential as a natural source of antioxidants with therapeutic benefits.