Exploring the Integration of Virtual Laboratories in Science Education

Abstract

The advantage of VLs lies in their capacity for simulating real-world lab experiences within a fully immersive digital environment, yet the uptake in rural schools in developing countries remains low. To understand this paradox, this study explores the perceptions of seven secondary school science teachers in a rural district in South Africa. Through a qualitative case-study methodology guided by the interpretive paradigm, this research adopts a phenomenological approach to gain insights into teachers' attitudes, understandings, and the factors influencing their acceptance or rejection of this technology. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology is employed as a theoretical framework. The study finds that despite potential educational benefits, the actual use of VLs is largely influenced by teacher perceptions and experiences, rooted in context-specific challenges. The findings reveal that teachers perceive VL as a beneficial and practical tool providing access to high-quality lab equipment necessary for student experiments, which could otherwise be cost-prohibitive.