Exploring the Critical Role of Green Chemistry in Enhancing Sustainability and Efficiency in Pharmaceutical Analytical Testing: Using Chromatographic, Spectrophotometric and Microextraction Techniques

Abstract

Integrating the green chemistry principles into chromatographic, spectrophotometric and microextraction techniques concepts not only enhances the environmental sustainability of analytical practices but also aligns with the broader goals of reducing chemical hazards and promoting safer laboratory environments with accurate reliable analysis techniques. By focusing on sustainable greener solvents and waste reduction leading to significantly an advancing green chemistry initiative.By highlighting the urgent need for greener alternatives, this review focuses on the most common analytical techniques used in pharmaceutical analysis such as chromatographic, spectrophotometric and microextraction techniques. It also highlights their ability in utilizing cleaner and less harmful solvents, minimizing or eliminating reagents and other substances, and reducing energy consumption. It also examines a range of organic solvents, including ethanol, and innovative options like water-based or buffer solutions as well as surfactants. It also assesses the potential of more environmentally friendly solvents such as pure water, ionic liquids (ILs) and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂).This review also illustrates the integration of green chemistry principles in pharmaceutical analysis, discussing advances in analytical techniques, solvent reduction strategies, challenges, and future perspectives.