Exploring the Biotechnological Potential of Marine Sponges: Insights into Endophytic Microbial Diversity, Fungal Biosynthesis of Copper Nanoparticles, and Antimicrobial Properties

Abstract

This article presents findings from a study on marine sponges collected from two sites in Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt, aiming to understand the ecological dynamics and distribution of sponges in the region. The samples, including SA1, SA2, and SA3, were collected at varying depths from different sponge species at distinct sites. This information contributes to our understanding of marine ecosystems in the Red Sea. The study isolated endophytes from these sponges, revealing a diverse array of microbial communities. Particularly, the endophytes from SM1, SM2, SM3, SM4, SM5, SS2, SS3, SN11, SN12, and M56 exhibit potential for biotechnological applications. Sponges host unique microbial communities, potentially biotechnologically relevant. Fungal filtrates, like SM4, successfully synthesize Copper Nanoparticles, enhancing understanding of fungal strains proficient in nanoparticle biosynthesis. Morphological and microscopic examinations of Aspergillus sp. help identify and characterize the fungal genus. Different species are distinguished by colony and structure features. Copper nanoparticles show moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with potential for antifungal agents in medical and healthcare settings.