Exploring birth preparedness and complication readiness among expectant women: insights into perceptions, knowledge channels, and preparation practices in a resource-limited setting

Abstract

Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) are vital strategies for lowering maternal and neonatal risks, particularly in resource-constrained areas. The ways in which expectant women perceive BPCR, access information, and engage with readiness tools directly influence their capacity to navigate childbirth and unforeseen complications. This study explored perceptions, information sources and BPCR practices among expectant women at four health facilities in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. A qualitative exploratory design was employed at four healthcare facilities in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Twelve expectant women, purposively recruited from antenatal clinic attendees based on varying gestational ages and parity, participated in face-to-face, researcher-developed semi-structured interviews lasting 30–45 min each. Interviews were audio-recorded with consent, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis approach to identify patterns in participants’ perceptions, information sources, and readiness practices. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review board, ensuring informed consent and confidentiality. Perceptions of BPCR crystallized into three themes: integrated holistic strategies, proactive early engagement, and proactive anticipation of risks. Information sources revealed four themes: facility-based antenatal sessions, personal and communal experiences, internet and social media outlets, and formal educational resources. Readiness practices yielded seven themes, including heightened awareness of complications, arrangements for transportation, and financial safeguarding. Expectant women regard BPCR as a multifaceted, anticipatory process that fosters safer birthing experiences. Leveraging varied information pathways and systematic checklists bolsters their empowerment for effective planning. Enhancing targeted education and community support mechanisms holds promise for advancing maternal preparedness and health equity.