article · Scientific Reports
Wind energy conversion systems (WECS) exhibit highly nonlinear behavior due to the stochastic nature of wind speed variations. In such conditions, the main objective is to maximize the extracted power while ensuring stable system operation. This paper presents a nonlinear control strategy for a grid-connected WECS based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). A backstepping control strategy (BSC) is applied to regulate both the machine-side converter (MSC) and the grid-side converter (GSC). The proposed controller aims to improve wind energy extraction under variable wind conditions while ensuring smooth operation of the PMSG with satisfactory static and dynamic performance. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is first evaluated through simulation studies conducted in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The results obtained show improvement in effectiveness in terms of reference tracking, response time, overshoot elimination, accuracy, and mitigation of power ripple. Additionally, the feasibility of the proposed BSC is experimentally verified through real-time implementation on a dSPACE DS1104 board.
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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-52653-x
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