Experimental and numerical evaluation of the performance of a photovoltaic panel in a semi-arid climate

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) solar energy is playing an increasingly important role in the global energy mix, thanks to its renewable potential and low environmental impact. However, the performance of PV systems varies considerably according to climatic and geographical conditions, making it essential to select the right technology for the region in question. In this study, the annual performance of a glass-tedlar PV panel was evaluated in a semi-arid climate. Experimental data were compared with the results of a numerical model developed in COMSOL Multiphysics. This model aims to predict the behavior of PV systems in specific environments, offering an economical alternative to the often-costly direct acquisition of technology. The results show that January is the best-performing month, with an average power of 153.4 W (around 61% of nominal power) and a maximum efficiency of 15.5%, in line with the low temperatures. On the other hand, August and October recorded the lowest output, with 132.1 W and 130 W respectively, and a minimum efficiency of 12.9% in August. The good agreement between simulated and experimental data confirms the model’s reliability, which can be adapted to other technologies and climates.