review · Adolescencia e Saude
Patellofemoral pain syndrome is a common overuse knee condition in female soccer players that causes pain, functional impairment, and reduced athletic participation. Biomechanical deficits such as hip muscle weakness, dynamic knee valgus, increased Q-angle, quadriceps dysfunction, and poor neuromuscular control are major contributors to the condition. In response, exercise regimens focused on hip and knee strengthening, balance training, and movement retraining provide demonstrable benefits for reducing pain and restoring function. At the same time, football footwear characteristics play a role in lower-limb biomechanics and overall injury risk. While structured exercise therapy remains the primary intervention for managing patellofemoral pain, integrating footwear modifications could address both internal and external factors. However, existing research directly investigating combined rehabilitation and shoe adaptation strategies remains limited, highlighting a need for further targeted trials.
Patellofemoral pain syndrome frequently hampers performance and limits sports participation among female footballers. Understanding the combined influence of bodily mechanics and athletic equipment helps coaches, clinicians, and athletes tackle both internal physical weaknesses and external equipment factors. Applying targeted exercise routines alongside appropriate boot designs can support better recovery, enhance stability, and sustain long-term engagement in sport.
The findings point towards potential applications for sports footwear designers and orthotic manufacturers collaborating with physiotherapists to develop specialised football boots for female athletes. These interventions could be adopted by sports teams and rehabilitation clinics. Because studies evaluating combined exercise and footwear interventions are currently limited, this work represents an early-stage concept that requires dedicated testing and clinical validation before commercial application.
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Background: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most prevalent overuse knee disorders among female soccer players and is associated with pain, functional limitations, impaired athletic performance, and reduced participation in sport. Both intrinsic biomechanical deficits and extrinsic factors such as footwear characteristics have been implicated in the development and persistence of PFPS. Objective: This review critically examines current evidence regarding exercise-based rehabilitation and football shoe modification in the management of PFPS among female soccer players, with particular emphasis on pain reduction, balance performance, and sport-specific functional outcomes. Methods: A narrative review was developed from the literature synthesized within the thesis framework. Relevant themes included PFPS epidemiology, biomechanical risk factors, rehabilitation interventions, football footwear characteristics, musculoskeletal ultrasound assessment, and performance monitoring. Evidence was critically analyzed to identify major findings, limitations, and future research needs. Results: Current evidence indicates that increased Q-angle, hip muscle weakness, dynamic knee valgus, quadriceps dysfunction, and impaired neuromuscular control contribute substantially to PFPS development. Exercise programs incorporating hip and knee strengthening, balance training, and movement retraining demonstrate positive effects on pain and function. footwear characteristics may influence lower-limb biomechanics and injury risk. However, studies evaluating combined exercise rehabilitation and footwear modification remain limited. Furthermore, relatively few investigations have assessed balance performance, and sport-specific outcomes simultaneously. Conclusion: Exercise rehabilitation remains the cornerstone of PFPS management. The integration of footwear modification with structured rehabilitation may provide additional benefits by addressing both intrinsic and extrinsic contributors to PFPS. Further research is required to establish the effectiveness of combined interventions in female soccer players.
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DOI: 10.67440/ahj.v21i6s.1938
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