Evaluation of the remineralizing agents after orthodontic bracket debonding: a SEM-EDX investigation

Abstract

Objectives: To compare the remineralizing efficacy of fluoride (Fl) varnish, nanohydroxyapatite (n-HAp) serum, and NovaMin-containing toothpaste on premolars subjected to orthodontic debonding and a pH-cycling model. Methods: Sixty human premolars were divided into six groups (n = 10). Group IA: sound enamel; IB: orthodontically treated premolars; IC: orthodontically treated premolars subjected to demineralization cycles. Three experimental groups included orthodontically treated premolars subjected to demineralization cycles and treated with Fl varnish (IIA), n-HAp serum (IIB), and NovaMin toothpaste (IIC). Surface topography and mineral content were evaluated using SEM-EDX analysis, and data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results: SEM images of the experimental groups showed signs of surface precipitants and enamel prism reorganization. EDX analysis showed increased Ca and P levels, with NovaMin recording the highest Ca/P ratio, followed by n-HAp serum, and then Fl varnish. Conclusions: NovaMin demonstrated the highest remineralization potential by increasing Ca and P content. n-HAp serum exhibited comparable remineralization efficacy to NovaMin, while Fl varnish demonstrated the lowest remineralization potential.