Evaluation of the Phytochemical and Pharmacological Potential of Taif’s Rose (Rosa damascena Mill var. trigintipetala) for Possible Recycling of Pruning Wastes

Abstract

This study investigated the phytochemical contents of Taif's rose pruning wastes and their potential application as phytomedicine, thereby practicing a waste-recycling perspective. In the Al-Shafa highland, four Taif rose farms of various ages were chosen for gathering the pruning wastes (leaves and stems) for phytochemical and pharmacological studies. The leaves and stems included significant amounts of carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, and other phenolic compounds. The cardiac glycoside and flavonoid contents were higher in Taif rose stems, while the phenolic and alkaloid contents were higher in the plant leaves. Cardiovascular glycosides (2.98-5.69 mg g^-1), phenolics (3.14-12.41 mg GAE g^-1), flavonoids (5.09-9.33 mg RUE g ^-1), and alkaloids (3.22-10.96 mg AE g^-1) were among the phytoconstituents found in rose tissues. According to the HPLC analysis of the phenolic compounds, Taif's rose contains flavonoid components such as luteolin, apigenin, quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, and chrysoeriol; phenolics such as ellagic acid, catechol, resorcinol, gallic acid, and phloroglucinol; alkaloids such as berbamine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, reticuline, isocorydine, and boldine. Warm water extract was highly effective against <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Proteus vulgaris</i>, whereas methanol and cold water extracts were moderately effective against <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i>. The study's findings suggested that Taif's rose wastes could be used for varied medical purposes.