Evaluation of the Influence of oral administration of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Sida acuta on Lipid Profile and Body Weight of Wistar Rats

Abstract

Abnormalities in serum lipid profiles play a central role in endothelial functional abnormality which is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis including coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular diseases. Hepatic damage disturbs hepatic functions such as lipid metabolism which can translate to a distorted lipid profile. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of oral administration of Sida acuta on the lipid profile and body weight of Wistar rats. Freshly harvested leaves of Sida acuta was dried under room temperature and afterwards ground to powder which was subsequently processed into extract. Thirty adults male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of five rats each. Group I (normal control) was administered with 2 ml of distilled water, groups II–VI were induced hepatic damage. While group II was left untreated, groups III-V were administered with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of aqueous extract of Sida acuta (AESD) respectively. Group VI was administered with silymarin (standard drug). Treatment lasted for 28 days after which animals were humanely sacrificed and blood sample collected for analysis. Treatment with extract significantly (P<0.05) reduced the activities of the liver enzymes; aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP). While the serum levels of TC, TG, HDL and LDL reported for group II were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those reported for the normal control. Oral administration of extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the levels of TC, TG, HDL and LDL reported for groups III-V. Oral administration of extract did not adversely affect the body weight of animals. In conclusion, it can be deduced from this study that oral administration of Sida acuta reversed a distorted lipid profile and did not result in weight loss.