Evaluation of the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test in young subjects: a systematic review

Abstract

<ns5:p>Introduction The Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test (BGT) is a widely used tool for assessing visual-motor skills in children. However, its use remains controversial due to persistent questions about its validity and specificity, particularly in screening for neurodevelopmental disorders. This systematic review aims to analyze studies published between 2014 and 2024 that have used the BGT in young subjects, in order to assess its clinical and psychometric relevance in this population. Methods A systematic search was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines in the PubMed, Embase and Scielo databases, targeting publications between 2014 and 2024. Seventeen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. Their methodological quality was assessed using the Jadad, Newcastle-Ottawa and AMSTAR 2 scales. Results The BGT is used in a variety of contexts (neurodevelopmental disorders, learning disabilities, environmental exposure, etc.). It is useful for initial screening, although its diagnostic sensitivity varies between populations. Some studies integrate the BGT into combined batteries or exploit innovative technological approaches. Results suggest a correlation between age, pubertal development and visuo-motor performance, but gender-related differences remain poorly documented. Discussion The BGT remains a relevant tool for assessing visuomotor function in children, especially when used in a multidimensional framework. Its lack of diagnostic specificity and the heterogeneity of the studies nevertheless highlight the need for further research, particularly longitudinal and normative.</ns5:p>