Evaluation of Some Physicochemical Parameters in Borehole and Well Water in Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study evaluated the physicochemical parameters of borehole and well water in Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi State, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. Results for borehole water showed EC values ranging from 4.14 µS/cm (Rafin Gimba borehole) to 7.59 µS/cm (Dungah borehole), while well water EC ranged from 4.62 µS/cm (Rafin Gimba well) to 7.72 µS/cm (Maryam well). Borehole water pH values ranged between 7.10 and 7.50 and those for well water ranged from 6.90 to 7.50, all within the NSDWQ (Nigerian Standard for Water Quality) and WHO (World Health Organization) acceptable range of 6.5 – 8.5. However, TDS values for borehole water (up to 4,634 mg/dm3) and well water (up to 4,710 mg/dm3) exceeded the NSDWQ limit of 500 mg/dm3, potentially indicating salinity risks. Turbidity values for both borehole and well water (up to 16.00 NTU and 15.00 NTU respectively) surpassed the maximum standard of 5.00 NTU, suggesting possible microbial contamination. Despite variations in TSS and TH, most values are within permissible limits, except for some locations with elevated hardness exceeding 150 mg/dm3 standard. These findings highlight the need for regular monitoring and treatment of water sources in the study area to ensure compliance with drinking water quality standards.