Evaluation of Prunus africana bark extract as an organic alternative to synthetic growth promoters in broiler production

Abstract

Concerns over synthetic inputs in organic poultry production systems prompted an evaluation of aqueous Prunus africana bark extracts as natural feed additive via drinking water. Using 210 unsexed Cobb 500 day old broiler chicks, a 42 day trial was conducted to compare graded levels of ground P. africana bark infused in drinking water to oxy-tetracycline 80 and a conventional prophylactic calendar on growth, hematology and economic response in chickens. The feed efficiency, weight gain and final weights of birds fed P. africana did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) from those in the control groups. Carcass yields between the control and prunus groups did not vary significantly (P < 0.05) except the oxyterracycline control that had significantly (P < 0.05) higher slaughter weight (1913.3 g vs. 1681.7 g), carcass weight (1681.7 g vs. 1468.3 g) and drumstick weight (233.3 g vs. 198.3 g) compared to T4 (5 g/L). Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in hematological and serum biochemistry at the starter phase (day 21) but not (P > 0.05) during the finisher phase (day 42). The unit total expenses were significantly lower (P < 0.05) for treatments with inclusions of bark extract, thereby improving their gross margins, cost-to-benefit ratios, and economic efficiency. However, a progressive increase in the concentration of bark extracts did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect the profitability of the farm enterprises. Although metabolic challenges were observed in young chicks P. aficana bark extracts improved their growth, and carcass quality thereby confirming their potential use as a natural growth promoter in broiler production in replacement of the synthetic conventional prophylactic protocols.