Evaluation of Polymer Interlocking Paver Blocks Made of Waste Plastic Polyethylene Terephthalate and Sand Modified with Nano-Sized Palm Kernel Shells

Abstract

Demand for sustainable construction materials has driven research into utilizing waste in innovative ways. This paper focused on incorporating Nano-sized palm kernel shell with recycled waste plastic and sand to produce a Polymer Interlocking Pavement block using a mixed ratio of 1: 2 respectively. The chemical composition of Nano-sized palm kernel shell was examined with X-ray fluorescence Analysis. Effects of Nano-sized palm kernel shell at various percentages, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% as filler in the composite, were determined by performing compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, and abrasive resistance tests. The micro-structural analysis was done with a Scanning Electron Microscope. The X-ray fluorescence Analysis revealed Iron (III) Oxide and Silicon Oxide as dominant oxides. The addition of Nano-sized palm kernel shell in Polymer Interlocking Pavement block increased the compressive strength by 14.26%, 24.94%, and 75.67% for 7, 21, and 28 days, respectively, at 5% replacement. Reduction in flexural strength, water absorption, and abrasion index with uniform distribution of particles was observed. Conclusively, 5% Nano-sized palm kernel shell gave better resistance to wear of the modified sample, and is considered a reasonable alternative material for Polymer Interlocking Pavement block production to promote sustainable construction practices