Evaluation of Nannochloropsis oculata as Potential Feedstock for Sustainable Biodiesel Production

Abstract

The increasing global focus on renewable and sustainable energy sources has highlighted microalgae as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. This study evaluates the potential of Nannochloropsis oculata, a green alga known for its high lipid content, in producing environmentally friendly biodiesel. The microalga was cultured in 2 medium under controlled environmental conditions to analyze its growth behavior, biomass yield, and lipid accumulation. A distinct sigmoidal growth curve was observed, with the stationary phase reached at day 25 and a baseline lipid content was recorded 19.8%. Further experimental modifications, particularly adjusting the nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N:P) ratio and light exposure, led to notable improvements in both biomass and lipid production, achieving a maximum lipid content of 30.91% under a 1:1 N:P ratio. GC-MS profiling identified major fatty acids such as palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1), and stearic acid (C18:0), which are crucial for optimal biodiesel characteristics. Using Biodiesel Analyzer software, key fuel properties were predicted, including a high cetane number (97.65) and a low cold filter plugging point (-2.72°C), meeting international biodiesel standards. These findings d that Nannochloropsis oculata holds strong potential as a sustainable and efficient source for biodiesel, offering a carbon-neutral alternative that addresses both ecological and economic challenges.