Evaluation of Denosumab treatment on healing of calvarial bone defect: Histological experimental trial

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of denosumab application on calvarial bony defects of rabbits through histological, and radiological methods. Material & Methods: The present study was conducted on 30 adult male New Zealand Rabbits. The animals were randomly assigned (1:1) to one of the two groups (15 animals each) according to the treatment method. Study group where animal received denosumab injection after surgical procedure to create osseous defects while in control group animals did not received any drug postoperative. Five animals from each group were sacrificed at 2, 6 and 12 weeks postoperative. All groups were analyzed radiographically for bone density and histological for the closure of the created osseous defect, the characteristics of the developed connective tissue, the nature of the formed osteoid matrix, the presence of acute or chronic inflammatory cells, and the type and progression of the healing process. Results: The radiographic examination showed significant difference between the 2 groups with better bone healing at Study group (denosumab group). As the histological section Study group (denosumab group) showed newly formed thin bone bridges of woven bone at 2 weeks postoperative while at 6 weeks bone bridges of woven bone became thicker. At 12 weeks follow-up, both groups showed signs of healing although Study group (denosumab group) had a more lamellar and well organized bone is formed with newly haversian systems with wide osteons become evident. Conclusion: The results suggest that Denosnamb encouraged the bone healing in critical-size calvarial defects