article · Current Issues in Molecular Biology
Nanotechnology combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been explored to enhance antitumor and antimicrobial photobiological activity. Aluminum phthalocyanine chloride (Al-Pc-Cl), with or without magnetic nanoparticles (MagNPs), was incorporated into polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) to improve the PDT for treating tumors and infectious diseases. Three batches of the nanoparticles (MagNPs, PNPs-PS and PNPs-PS-MagNPs) were developed and characterized in terms of size, PdI, morphology by TEM, release study, and antitumor (against A549 cells) and antimicrobial (against MRSA and <i>C. albicans</i>) photobiological activity. The developed nanoparticles were nanometric in size, with MagNPs, PNPs-PS, and PNPs-PS-MagNPs showing 33.6, 186.9, and 333.5 nm, respectively, maintained the magnetic properties (for MagNPs and PNPs-PS-MagNPs), and provided slow and sustained release of the photosensitizer. PNPs-PS and PNPs-PS-MagNPs showed excellent antitumor photobiological activity with cell viabilities of 42 and 34%, respectively, and were not cytotoxic in the dark, with cell viabilities above 70%. PNPs-PS showed strong antibacterial activity against MRSA with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 8.26 μg/mL, which was lower to free Al-Pc-Cl with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 14.22 μg/mL after I radiation. The results of the antifungal photobiological activity against <i>C. albicans</i> were excellent, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 3.75 and 3.5 μg/mL for PNPs-PS and PNPs-PS-MagNPs, respectively, values which were significantly lower with <i>p</i> < 0.05 than free PS (IC<sub>50</sub> > 30 μg/mL) after irradiation with light and fluconazole (IC<sub>50</sub> > 30 μg/mL), the reference antifungal agent. PNPs-PS showed promising results regarding antitumor, antibacterial, and antifungal photobiological activity. However, PNPs-PS-MagNPs showed weak results for antibacterial photobiological activity against MRSA but with promising results for tumor cells and <i>C. albicans</i>.
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DOI: 10.3390/cimb48030324
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