article · Journal of Biosciences and Medicines
Untreated water sources present significant health risks due to the presence of harmful bacteria. Research evaluated the antibacterial activity of an aqueous leaf extract from Acacia sieberiana var. woodii against Streptococcus faecalis and Salmonella typhi in simulated water environments. Bacterial cultures were tested across four extract concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2 grams per litre, at temperatures of 7 degrees Celsius and 23 degrees Celsius over various exposure periods up to 24 hours. The extract reduced colony-forming units depending on both time and dose, with complete inhibition of Salmonella typhi observed within three hours at concentrations of 1.5 grams per litre and higher. Minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 7.81 to 15.62 milligrams per millilitre. Temperature differences did not significantly affect the antibacterial outcomes, showing the bactericidal potential of the plant extract against these pathogens.
Access to clean water is a major public health concern where untreated water sources are common. Finding plant-based bactericidal agents provides potential alternative methods for purifying water supplies contaminated with common disease-causing bacteria, such as those responsible for typhoid fever and other gastrointestinal infections.
The findings suggest potential applications for plant-based water treatment solutions aimed at lowering bacterial pollution in contaminated water sources. Users could include water purification developers and public health bodies addressing untreated water supplies. The research remains at an early laboratory stage, having demonstrated bactericidal activity solely in simulated water systems under controlled conditions.
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Contaminated water poses a risk to public health, particularly in regions relying on untreated sources. This study investigates the antibacterial potential of aqueous leaf extracts from Acacia sieberiana against Streptococcus faecalis and Salmonella typhi in simulated water systems. Bacterial suspensions were exposed to four extract concentrations (0.5 - 2 g/L) at 7˚C and 23˚C for 3, 6, 9 and 24 hours. MIC, and MBC were then determined. The extract lowered CFU values in a dose and time dependent manner. Complete inhibition of Salmonella typhi was achieved at ≥1.5 g/L within 3 hours. The aqueous extract of Acacia sieberiana significantly reduces the cultivability of the bacterial abundances of the two strains tested. In addition, S. typhi was the most sensitive bacterium to this plant extract. The temperature of the medium did not significantly influence bacterial inhibition (P > 0.05). The aqueous extract of Acacia sieberiana exhibited a bactericidal effect on the cultivability of these straing with MICs varying from 7.81 to 15.62 mg/mL. The results of the present study support the use of A. sieberiana in the treatment of pathogenic infections as well as reduction of the flux of bacteriopollutants in water.
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DOI: 10.4236/jbm.2025.138018
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