Ethnobotanical survey of antimalarial and mosquito-repellent plants in the Centre and Hauts-Bassins Regions of Burkina Faso

Abstract

Background: In Burkina Faso, traditional medicine remains a key component of primary healthcare, particularly for malaria management. This study aimed to identify plant species with antimalarial and mosquito-repellent properties used in the Centre and Hauts-Bassins regions, to guide future pharmacological investigations. Methods: From September to November 2022, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted among 161 traditional practitioners in urban (Ouagadougou, Bobo-Dioulasso) and rural (Nasso, Matourkou) areas. The study assessed practitioners’ knowledge of antiplasmodial and repellent plants across different localities. Data analysis using Excel and R included chi-square tests, citation frequency, and confirmatory factor analysis to reveal regional differences in knowledge. Results: Most practitioners were illiterate (59%) but had extensive experience (1–85 years). A total of 83 plant species from 35 families were recorded as antimalarial remedies. The most frequently cited species were Terminalia leiocarpa (18.2%), Sarcocephalus latifolius (17.6%), and Cochlospermum planchonii (16.98%). The Fabaceae family was most represented, followed by Combretaceae and Rubiaceae. Decoction (83%) and oral administration (55%) were predominant, with leaves being the most used part (68%). For mosquito repellents, 16 species were identified, notably Ocimum americanum (19.98%), with leaves again most used (71%). Drying (84%) and fumigation (86%) were the main application methods. Conclusions: This study provides valuable insight into traditional knowledge of antimalarial and mosquito-repellent plants in Burkina Faso. The documented species represent promising candidates for phytochemical and pharmacological validation, supporting the development of plant-based therapies in malaria control. Keywords: Ethnobotanical survey; malaria; antimalarial and mosquito-repellent plants