Estimation the Effect of Ficus carica Active components’ Nanoparticles on Mice Infected by Schistosomal cercariae and treated with praziquantel

Abstract

<title>Abstract</title> Bilharzia is parasitic flatworm that causes schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical illness of worldwide. Praziquantel (PZQ) is a commercial single treatment of schistosomiasis so the alternative drugs are needed to get rid of its side effects on liver. The current study aimed to estimate the effective role of <italic>Ficus carica</italic> nanoparticles (Fc-NPCs), silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPCs) and <italic>Ficus carica</italic> nanoparticles loaded on silver nanoparticles (Fc-Ag NPCs) on C57BL/6 black female mice infected by <italic>Schistosoma mansoni</italic> and treated with PZQ treatment. It was proved that the schistosomiasis causes liver damage in addition to the PZQ is ineffective as anti-schistosomiasis; it is recorded in infected mice group and PZQ treated group as in liver function tests, oxidative stress markers &amp; anti-oxidants, pro-inflammatory markers, pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic markers also in liver cells’ DNA damage. The amelioration in all tested parameters has been clarified in nanoparticles’ protected mice groups. Obviously, The Fc-Ag NPCs + PZQ group recorded the best preemptive effects as anti-schistosomiasis. Fc-NPCs, Ag-NPCs and Fc-Ag NPCs could antagonize PZQ effects that were observed in amelioration of all tested parameters. The study showed the phytochemicals’ nanoparticles groups have ameliorated effect on the health of infected-administered mice.