review · Antibiotics
Antimicrobial resistance poses a severe threat to global health, driven by the overuse and misuse of antibiotics across agriculture, animal care, and human medicine. Key mechanisms contributing to resistance include environmental contamination, selective pressure, and horizontal gene transfer, resulting in critical risks to both human and animal health. Addressing this crisis demands coordinated intervention across the scientific, agricultural, healthcare, and policy sectors. Crucial strategies include establishing antimicrobial stewardship programmes, adopting targeted narrow-spectrum antibiotics, and enforcing robust regulatory frameworks. Global surveillance systems such as the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System and the Access, Watch, and Reserve classification serve as essential monitoring tools. Ultimately, mitigating resistance and preserving antibiotic efficacy relies on a comprehensive One Health approach that unifies environmental, animal, and human health considerations across national and international action plans.
Antibiotic resistance threatens the future efficacy of treatments for both humans and animals, creating serious risks for food safety and public health. Coordinated management, informed by environmental and agricultural monitoring, is essential to keep common infections treatable. Understanding the shared drivers across healthcare, farming, and the environment enables policymakers and practitioners to protect vital medical treatments through united global strategies.
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious global health issue, aggravated by antibiotic overuse and misuse in human medicine, animal care, and agriculture. This study looks at the different mechanisms that drive AMR, such as environmental contamination, horizontal gene transfer, and selective pressure, as well as the severe implications of AMR for human and animal health. This study demonstrates the need for concerted efforts across the scientific, healthcare, agricultural, and policy sectors to control the emergence of AMR. Some crucial strategies discussed include developing antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs, encouraging targeted narrow-spectrum antibiotic use, and emphasizing the significance of strict regulatory frameworks and surveillance systems, like the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) and the Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification. This study also emphasizes the need for national and international action plans in combating AMR and promotes the One Health strategy, which unifies environmental, animal, and human health. This study concludes that preventing the spread of AMR and maintaining the effectiveness of antibiotics for future generations requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, and internationally coordinated strategy.
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DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13111087
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