article · Advanced Theory and Simulations
This study investigates the heat transfer and hydromagnetic movement of ternary hybrid nanofluids travelling between non-parallel plates. The mathematical model incorporates factors including Lorentz forces, nanoparticle shape, heat generation or absorption, non-linear solar radiation, and stretching or shrinking channel walls within a polymer base fluid. Governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations and resolved using the Adomian Decomposition method alongside numerical verification via the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg scheme. The analysis reveals that higher magnetic field strength increases fluid velocity and delays flow reversal. Integrating ternary nanoparticles into the polymer fluid significantly improves the heat transfer rate across both convergent and divergent configurations. Furthermore, the heat source raises fluid temperatures while heat sinks provide a cooling effect, with radiation, magnetic parameters, and heat source conditions strongly altering overall thermal performance.
Managing heat dissipation and fluid behaviour in complex geometries is essential for designing modern thermal management equipment. By demonstrating how ternary nanoparticles, magnetic fields, and radiation interact to control fluid velocity and temperature, this research offers theoretical insights into optimising cooling mechanisms and fluid performance under challenging thermal conditions.
The work represents early-stage theoretical and computational modelling of fluid behaviour. It could eventually inform the design of advanced thermal management systems, solar heat exchangers, or polymer processing equipment reliant on hybrid nanofluids. Potential beneficiaries include engineers designing industrial fluid cooling or heating systems, though physical prototyping and experimental testing are necessary before practical deployment.
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Abstract Heat transfer and hydromagnetic flow of ternary hybrid nanofluids between non‐parallel plates are presented in this research work. Lorentz force, nanoparticle shape, heat sink/source, non‐linear solar radiation, and stretching/shrinking wall effects are considered. A polymer base fluid containing hybrid nanoparticles (i.e., nanoparticles) is considered. By utilizing the similarity transformations, the fundamental partial differential equations derived from mathematical modeling are transformed into ordinary differential equations. Thereafter, the computational solution is obtained numerically and analytically. The analytical solution is constructed using an efficient computational technique called the Adomian Decomposition method. To ensure validation, the present results for special cases are compared with those obtained using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg 4th–5th order (RKF‐45) method. The effects of physical factors on velocity, temperature, and entropy generation are shown graphically. Additionally, the impact of multiple variables on the entropy generation number is demonstrated and examined. It is found that the ternary nanofluid velocity boosts with the increase of the Hartmann number, and hence the reversal flow is entirely delayed. Results obtained also reveal that the presence of ternary nanoparticles within base fluid enhances significantly the heat transfer rate (Nusselt number) in both convergent and divergent channels. In addition, it is also found that the heat source raises the temperature of ternary hybrid nanofluid flow for both converging and diverging channels, whereas the heat sink shows a reverse behavior and mainly leads to a cooling effect. Finally, the heat source/sink parameter, the radiation parameter, and the magnetic field strongly influence the Nusselt number.
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DOI: 10.1002/adts.202401120
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