Enhancing Wireless Sensor Network Lifetime through Fuzzy-Based Execution of the LEACH Protocol

Abstract

Introduction Wireless Sensor Networks Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of a number of physically disperse sensor nodes which use wireless communication to do sensing and retrieving information from the physical world. In a network of battery driven and energy limited nodes, the network lifetime is an important concern. Driven by the above mechanism, as a cluster of nodes is frustrated, the function of the entire network drops dramatically or even becomes inefficient. Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) LEACH is one of the most well-known energy-efficient clustering protocols for making wireless sensor networks more sustainable by grouping nodes and moderating the group head. However, in LEACH protocol, the operation of cluster head is selected randomly, which might lead to the waste of energy in the node. Here, this paper proposes an enhanced LEACH that integrates fuzzy logic-based decision-making with cluster head selection. The fuzzy-centric LEACH versions improve significantly in terms of energy consumption and network lifetime through the involvement of some parameters such as residual energy, distance to BS, and the density of sensor nodes. Simulation results confirms that the proposed fuzzy implementation of LEACH outperforms the existing classical variant and gives a feasible solution for WSN deployment environment.