Enhancing water security through integrated storage mechanisms and rainwater harvesting for sustainable development

Abstract

The world faces a growing water crisis, driven by population growth, urbanization, and climate change, with a projected 40% decrease in available water supply by 2030. More than 40% of the global population already experiences water scarcity, a reality exacerbated by declining natural freshwater storage, with a staggering 15,700 Billion Cubic Meters (BCM) lost between 1970 and 2019. Traditional water management strategies are insufficient, highlighting the urgent need for innovative solutions. This uniquely combined Additional Storage Support Mechanisms (ASSM) with Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) to provide decentralized, climate-resilient water solutions. It considers diverting attention away from conventional centralized systems towards a nature-driven, multi-scale storage approach that maximizes groundwater recharge, flood mitigation, and agricultural sustainability. Studies indicate that ASSM and RWH structures, such as subsurface dams, rooftop infiltration, and groundwater tanks can potentially decrease flood volume by a notable percentage, increase water storage up to 273 days, and increase aquifer recharge. The methods provide low-cost, scalable options to water-scarce areas, enhancing climate change resilience and adding to Sustainable Development Goal 6 on the provision of clean water. A risk-based simulation optimization framework showed a 46.51% increment in water allocation efficiency using surface dams, reducing water shortages by up to 87%. The findings emphasize the need for a paradigm shift in water management strategies, beyond traditional approaches, to embrace a more integrated and sustainable approach. The integration of ASSM and RWH into national water strategies will drive progress toward SDG 6 on clean water and sanitation. Investing in these technologies will not only ensure water security but also contribute to sustainable development and a healthier planet.