Enhancing the efficacy and bioavailability of isoxsuprine for the treatment of cardiotoxicity: in vitro and in vivo studies

Abstract

study to assess its bioavailability, safety, and efficacy. An optimised ILT formulation was identified, consisting of 275 mg phospholipid, 20 mg cholesterol, 25 mg Span 60, and 20 mg sodium deoxycholate. This formulation achieved a release rate of 29.22%, a permeation rate of 95.66%, and resulted in a 3.55-fold increase in bioavailability. Compared to the disease group, the optimised ILT significantly reduced mortality and levels of troponin-1, LDH, CK-MB, and MDA by 23.89%, 99.03%, 94.77%, 96.77%, and 96.57%, respectively. Furthermore, it enhanced the GSH, SOD, and CAT by 3.69-fold, 3.54-fold, and 3.57-fold, respectively. These findings suggest that nasal ILT could be an innovative avenue to consider for treating cardiotoxicity.