Enhancing photovoltaic efficiency in arid climates using cooling strategies

Abstract

This study experimentally investigates the performance enhancement of photovoltaic (PV) panels using different cooling techniques under real outdoor operating conditions. Three cooling approaches are evaluated, including water-spray cooling, serpentine water circulation, and a fame-glass configuration. The objective is to assess their impact on PV surface temperature and electrical performance. Experimental measurements are conducted under similar environmental conditions, and the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the PV modules were recorded for each cooling configuration. The results demonstrate that active cooling techniques significantly reduced the operating temperature of the PV module, which consequently improved its electrical performance. Among the tested methods, the water-spray cooling technique achieved the most effective temperature reduction and the highest improvement in power output. In contrast, the fame-glass configuration showed a reduction in electrical power despite lowering the panel temperature, mainly due to optical losses and partial shading caused by the glass frame structure. The findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate cooling strategies that balance thermal management and optical performance. Overall, the results confirm that effective cooling techniques can enhance PV efficiency and contribute to improved energy production in hot climate regions.