Enhancing Paper Waste Recycling Through the Incorporation of Esparto Fiber: Influence on the Characteristics of Recycled Paper

Abstract

This study evaluates the valorization of paper waste through recycling with the addition of esparto (Stipa tenacissima) as a natural additive. Three formulations were tested: 50% paper − 50% esparto, 70% paper − 30% esparto, and pure recycled paper. A higher esparto content provides rigidity, fibrous texture, and increased strength, whereas a greater proportion of recycled paper enhances flexibility and homogeneity but reduces solidity. Tensile tests, carried out with three repetitions per formulation, revealed a significant improvement in mechanical properties with esparto addition: Young’s modulus reached 19.77 GPa for 50% esparto, 15.76 GPa for 30% esparto, and 12.85 GPa for pure paper. Increasing esparto content enhanced tensile strength and internal cohesion. These results confirm the potential of esparto as a natural and eco-friendly reinforcement for recycled paper, contributing to sustainable production and the circular economy.