Enhancing Knowledge Absorptive and Protective Capacity in South African State-Owned Enterprises Through Training and Development Practices

Abstract

This study examined how human resource management (HRM) training and development practices contribute to strengthening knowledge absorptive and protective capacities within South African state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Using an exploratory mixed-methods approach, this research was conducted in two phases. Firstly, 20 HR managers were interviewed, and annual reports from nine SOEs were reviewed. Thematic analysis, supported by Atlas.ti, revealed key insights that informed the design of a survey used in the second phase. In the second phase, the survey was administered to 585 randomly selected employees across three SOEs, achieving a 25% response rate. Data analysis carried out with Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) version 8.4 showed strong reliability, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.94. Findings indicate that training and development initiatives play a significant role in building absorptive capacity as they enhance knowledge acquisition and the ability to integrate new skills. These practices also reinforced employees’ tacit knowledge base, particularly through job-specific training and skills development. However, whilst HRM practices were effective in knowledge absorption, they were less successful in safeguarding and protecting critical tacit knowledge against potential loss. This study highlights the dual challenge facing SOEs: advancing employees’ capacity to absorb knowledge whilst also developing stronger mechanisms to protect valuable expertise.