Enhancing electromagnetic interference mitigation: A comprehensive study on the synthesis and shielding capabilities of polypyrrole/cobalt ferrite nanocomposites

Abstract

In a society increasingly infiltrated by digital and networking technologies, designing electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials is critical for safeguarding sensitive electronic equipment and ensuring the smooth functioning of essential communication networks. This study focuses on the optimization of the properties of cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 )/polypyrrole (PPy) nanocomposites made by in-situ polymerization used for electromagnetic (EM) shielding based on their magnetic and dielectric losses . X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and vector network analyzer (VNA) were employed to study the materials' physical and chemical characteristics. The findings demonstrate that the magnetic and electric properties of the materials composed of CoFe 2 O 4 and PPy are substantially altered by the integration of CoFe 2 O 4 and PPy. Adding PPy to CoFe 2 O 4 reduces the real and imaginary parts of magnetic permeability , and the conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss are increased. These effects are advantageous for EM shielding applications. The high electromagnetic shielding performance mainly results from the enhanced interfacial polarization induced by interface region among CoFe 2 O 4 and PPy molecules. The influence of the PPy matrix in altering the dielectric and magnetic loss factors ( tanδ E and tanδ M ) of the embedded ferrite particles is pronounced. Although CoFe 2 O 4 shows excellent attenuation characteristics, it cannot optimally match impedance with free space, particularly at higher frequencies. In addition, material thickness and shielding efficiency adjust the reflection loss ( RL ) performance. The prepared composites can attenuate more than 95 % of the incident electromagnetic waves . This study emphasizes the benefits of employing composite materials in EMI shielding designs and the combined advantages of conductive and magnetic materials. • A new approach for advanced shielding nanocomposites has been developed. • Incorporating CoFe 2 O 4 into the PPy increases electrical conductivity. • Composites can attenuate more than 99 % of EM radiation intensity. • Energy absorption values open broad perspectives for application.