Enhanced the Hosting Capacity of a Photovoltaic Solar System Through the Utilization of a Model Predictive Controller

Abstract

The global expansion of solar-powered within distribution networks with Low Voltage (LV) is experiencing substantial expansion. Despite the various advantages offered by solar photovoltaic generation, surpassing the constraints on Hosting Capacity (HC) within these networks persist a significant technical problem in system operation, especially in relation to voltage operation. This research delves into the effectiveness of improving the Hosting Capacity (HC) of a photovoltaic (PV) system within an LV distribution system. It utilizes a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) to achieve this enhancement and contrasts its performance with reactive power control. The study examines scenarios encompassing both linear and non-linear loads to assess the impact of these control strategies on the PV system’s harmonic current in the LV distribution network. Through detailed analysis, the MPC controller demonstrates superior adaptability and responsiveness, maintaining stable active power at 95.5 kW before accommodating a 100% PV system penetration and experiencing a substantial increase to 192 kW. The hosting capacity, thereby, sees a notable 101.05% improvement under MPC control. Additionally, the study reveals that MPC optimizes reactive power utilization, resulting in a 17.9% reduction in reactive power and an 18.3% enhancement in bus voltage compared to reactive power control. Notably, MPC exhibits superior adaptability to both linear and non-linear loads, emphasizing its potential as an effective solution for optimizing the performance of PV systems within LV distribution grids. This research underscores the significance of advanced control strategies in facilitating the integration of renewable energy systems while ensuring grid stability and reliability.